ABSTRACT
Aim: The effect of the methanolic extract of Ocimum gratisimum (OG) leaves on the tissue damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury in the rat intestine was investigated. Study Design: Randomized controlled experiment. Place and Duration of Study: Experimental Animal Unit and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria from March to May, 2013. Methodology: 18 rats were divided randomly into 3 groups of 6 rats each. Group I served as control; Group II had IR injury by laparotomy with clamping of the Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes followed by removal of the clamp for 45 minutes; Group III was pre-treated orally for 7days with methanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum (MEOG) followed by IR injury. Sections of the duodenum and ileum were cut for histopathological examination. The remaining tissues were processed for the determination of biochemical markers of oxidative stress including Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione concentrations. Results: Mean values of MDA and H2O2 levels were significantly elevated (P=0.004 and P=0.03, respectively) in intestinal tissues following IR compared to control while reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were not significantly altered. OG (500mg/kg) caused significant reduction (P=0.02 and P=0.04) in MDA concentrations and H2O2 generation, respectively compared with the IR group. Histopathological examination revealed erosions and stunting of the villi tips in the duodenum and ileum, with severe mononuclear infiltration at the mucosal surface in the IR group. No visible lesions were observed in the intestine of the control group, with no significant alterations in the intestinal epithelium of the OGtreated rats. Conclusion: The results suggest that OG may provide some protection against intestinal mucosal injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion, through its anti-oxidative effects.
ABSTRACT
The gross and histologic patterns of abdominal adhesions formed by the use of chromic catgut and polypropylene suture materials were evaluated in dogs. Gross and histologic examinations did not reveal significant difference (p>0.05) in the degree of adhesions observed at enteropexy sites in both suture materials. The use of polypropylene with superior suture qualities should be considered instead of chromic catgut for procedures in which adhesion is desired in the dog.
Fueron evaluados los patrones macroscópicos e histológicos de las adherencias abdominales formadas por el uso de catgut crómico y materiales de sutura de polipropileno. Los exámenes macroscópicos e histológicos no revelaron diferencias significativas (p> 0,05) en el grado de adherencias observadas en los sitios de la enteropexia en ambos materiales de sutura. El uso de suturas de polipropileno con mejores cualidades debe ser considerado en lugar del catgut cromado para procedimientos en los que la adherencia en el perro es deseada.
Subject(s)
Male , Animals , Female , Dogs , Tissue Adhesions/etiology , Catgut/adverse effects , Dog Diseases/pathology , Polypropylenes/adverse effects , Sutures/veterinary , Abdomen/surgery , Tissue Adhesions/pathology , Severity of Illness IndexABSTRACT
The histopathological effects of three levels of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) on healing of intestinal anastomotic wound were investigated in dogs. Three groups of dogs in which superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and collaterals were isolated but not occluded (A -control), isolated and occluded immediately distal to the aorta with collateral interruption using an atraumatic arterial clip for fifteen minutes (B) and for forty-five minutes (C) prior to ileal resection and anastomosis after return of normal perfusión in occluded groups was done. Within each group, animals were anaesthesized on third and seventh post-operative day. Grossly, impaired abdominal wound healing, intra-abdominal adhesions and partial and complete anastomotic dehiscence occurred in groups B and C commensurate with intensity of ischemic injury. Histologically, light cellular infiltration with loose granulation tissue was observed in the control group with moderate neovascularization and epithehalization by the seventh day. With mild IR, moderate cellular infiltration was observed four days post operation, but heamorrhage and oedema persisted with minimal mucosal regeneration at seven days post operation. With profound IR, sloughing of the mucosa with cellular infiltration at four days with absence of mucosal regeneration and persistence of inflammatory cellular infiltrates minimal neovascularization and dense granulation tissue. Neutrophilia in the immediate post operative period appears significant to impaired healing due to ischemia-reperfusion.
Se estudiaron, en perros, los efectos histopatológicos de tres niveles de reperfusión isquemia en la curación de anastomosis intestinal. Fueron utilizados tres grupos de perros, en los cuales las colaterales de la arteria mesentérica superior fueron aisladas, pero no ocluidas (A- control), aisladas y ocluidas inmediatamente distal a la aorta con interrupción colateral usando un clip arterial no traumático, por 15 minutos (B) y por cuarenta y cinco minutos (C), previo a la resección ileal y la anastomosis después de retornar a la perfusión normal en los grupos ocluidos. Dentro de cada grupo, los animales fueron anestesiados al tercer y séptimo días postcirugía. En la cicatrización del daño abdominal se observaron adhesiones y dehiscencias parcial y completa en los grupos B y C, correspondiéndose con la intensidad del daño causado por la isquemia. Histológicamente, se observó en el grupo control, baja infiltración celular con tejido de granulación laxo, con moderada neovasculanzación y epitelización, desde el séptimo día. Con una suave IR, también se observó moderada infiltración celular cuatro días postcirugía, pero la hemorragia y el edema persistieron con una mínima regeneración mucosa hasta los sietes días después de la operación. Con una profunda IR, la mucosa se desprendió con infiltración celular hasta los cuatro días con ausencia de regeneración mucosa y persistencia de infiltrado celular inflamatorio con mínima neovascularización y tejido denso de granulación. Se observó una significativa neutrofilia en el postoperatorio inmediato lo que perjudicó la cicatrización debido a la reperfusión-isquemia.